Fact Sheet

Between May 2020 and April 2021, 64% of overdose deaths in the nation involved synthetic opioids, primarily illicitly manufactured fentanyl, which is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine. A low-cost, high-impact harm reduction strategy for reducing the risk of overdose due to fentanyl contamination comes in the form of fentanyl test strips (“FTS”).At the price of approximately one dollar per disposable strip, FTS can detect the presence of fentanyl and many fentanyl analogs in drug samples dissolved in water. This fact sheet briefly discusses the emerging evidence that supports the broad distribution of FTS as one tool to reduce fentanyl-related harm.

The majority of abortions in the U.S. are medical abortions, a safe and effective method for early pregnancy, initiated by patients using a medication regimen. Medical abortions, also called chemical abortions or abortion pills, are one of the new battlegrounds on which political and legal wars are being fought. This fact sheet provides information on the drug regimen for medication abortion and current legal challenges to their use.

Medication abortion (or the “abortion pill”) generally refers to the use of two medications—mifepristone and misoprostol—to safely end an early pregnancy. Importantly, it does not refer to use of Plan B emergency contraceptive; in December 2022, FDA updated Plan B’s packaging insert to expressly acknowledge that it functions to prevent conception, not to end a pregnancy. In 2020, medication abortion was used for 53 percent of all U.S. abortions. However, since the Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision on June 24, 2022, 15 states have implemented near-total abortion bans (though bans in select states including Indiana, Ohio, and Wyoming are currently blocked by state courts).

This first piece focuses on the concrete harms that result from the development of laws, policies, and practices produced without meaningful efforts to engage with communities, highlighting some of the real-world impacts of inequitable practices with respect to drought, wildfires, flooding, and extreme heat. The examples provided are starting points for thinking through how things have gone wrong, where change may be needed, and opportunities for successful collaboration.

This resource is a short practical guide for understanding why cultural safety must drive community engagement and how it can be prioritized in emergency management and response during climate-driven emergencies.

Equipping people who use drugs, as well as their friends and family members, with the overdose reversal medication naloxone can significantly reduce the number of opioid overdose deaths. This fact sheet discusses laws in California that protect those who respond at the scene of an overdose emergency, including by administering naloxone to a person experiencing an overdose. These laws show a clear intention by the state to encourage laypersons to respond to overdose and increase access to and use of naloxone to reduce preventable overdose death and disability.

On December 29, 2022, President Biden signed the 2023 Consolidation Appropriations Act (“the Act”) into law.1 Among many other provisions, the Act included substantial regulatory changes to remove barriers and promote access to evidence-based treatment of substance use disorders (“SUD”). In particular, the Act removed legal barriers to the prescription of buprenorphine for opioid use disorder (“OUD”). It also requires almost all prescribers to obtain training in the identification and treatment of SUD. Although it will add a small educational burden to most providers who prescribe controlled substances, these changes should make it easier for all prescribers to provide buprenorphine treatment to individuals with OUD and significantly expand the base of prescribers who receive at least some training in identifying and treating individuals with SUD.

This Fact Sheet summarizes the key proposed provisions, identifies those which provide greater alignment with the HIPAA Rules, and calls out some areas on which HHS is specifically soliciting comments (due January 31, 2023). Of particular interest to the public health community, the Fact Sheet also presents the proposed changes to the data de-identification standard for disclosures of Part 2 data made to public health authorities.

In light of the overturning of Roe v. Wade by the U.S. Supreme Court in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization on June 24, 2022, this Memo examines current state-based abortion protections via (1) state statutory and constitutional language, (2) state Supreme Court decisions, (3) state constitutional amendment proposals, and (4) litigation addressing state-based constitutional abortion rights.

Housing and health are directly correlated––a stable, quality home is a basis for a healthy life. Housing quality includes the physical condition of the home, as well as the social and physical environment that surrounds it.1 Various aspects of housing quality can affect an individual’s health including air quality, home safety, space, and the presence of mold, asbestos, or lead.2 Poor quality housing is correlated with health problems, such as chronic diseases, injuries, and poor mental health.3 Unhealthy housing conditions are more common among renters. Although tenants have a right to live in a home that is suitable for human habitation, tenants often remain in substandard housing because they are unaware of their legal rights or how to enforce them.

The quality of housing affects many aspects of health. Poor housing conditions can lead to infectious and chronic diseases, poor mental health, avoidable injuries, and long term physical and developmental problems for children. A significant portion of substandard housing is rented. Rental properties present many potential risks to residents, such as exposure to poor air quality, mold, asbestos, or lead. Studies show approximately 40% of diagnosed asthma among children can be attributed to exposure to substandard air quality in the home. Notably, research shows that children who live in rental properties are more likely to have asthma, with 21.5% of children in rented properties exposed to smoke in the home at least monthly. Many of these children also regularly experience musty smells, leaks, and evidence of roaches or rodents.

This issue brief highlights select ways in which race and ethnicity are historically or currently used as public health decision-making or allocation factors in programs, research, funding, or workforce issues in the U.S. through (I) federal laws, (II) federal programs and agencies, and (III) select state laws in California and Florida.